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Solar (and energy efficient) Vehicles

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"From 1990 to 2000 world oil consumption rose by 10 billion barrels.  Of this, more than half of the growth occurred in the US.  The major reason for this growth in US consumption was the SUV.   The SUV percentage of the market has increased from 5% in 1990 to 55% now.  SUVs violate fuel economy standards, but are allowed under a ridiculous exemption that classifies them as light trucks.  The US is the only industrialized country whose overall fuel economy has decreased since 1990.  The US uses nearly half of the world gasoline production."

Paraphrased from a statement by Fareed Zakaria on Foreign Exchange

 

Driving a Toyota Prius instead of a Ford Explorer for 15K miles per year reduces Carbon Dioxide emissions by 15,000 lbs and saves $2000 in gasoline per year.
http://hybridcars.com/calculator/index.php

 

Questions? 
Report Broken Links ...

Solar and Electric Bicycles, Scooters and LEV's
Solar Bug

 

http://www.freedrive-ev.com/info.html

Some Solar Bug pictures (of prototype)

NEW video about Steve and the SolarBug ...

This is a neat little two person 4 wheel electric vehicle being developed right in our own Bozeman, MT area by Steve Titus.

Steve is now offering the production version and has 53 pre-orders:
- Top speed 35 mph
- Range 60 miles on a full charge
- 200 watts of PV on car -- good for 10 to 20 miles per day
- Capacity 2 persons
- Recharge in 4 to 6 hours for 50 cents
- Roll bar and seat belts
- Weighs 900 lbs.
- Price is around $15,000.

Solar Scooter

Full Scooter Plans from Don

Article on the scooter in Tree Hugger with some additional pictures:

http://www.treehugger.com

Updated: Don reports on the status of the scooter after three seasons of heavy commuting use.
Don's scooter has a full article in the Aug/Sept 2007 Home Power Magazine.

A solar scooter by Don Dunklee.   Street legal, affordable and dependable. 

 Thanks to Don for making the plans available!

Light Electric Vehicles (LEV)

http://www.electric-bikes.com

 

This is a good place to start looking for a small efficient electric vehicle.

A great site for unbiased information on light electric vehicles, which includes electric bicycles, scooters, 1 person cars, motorcycles, ...   Lots of good, practical electric transportation.    Even some DIY kits.
BugE

 

http://blueskydsn.com/BugE_Concept.html

 

Owner's manual:
blueskydsn.com/BugE_Owners_Manual_1.5.pdf


NEW: Nap Pepin's  BugE based advanced homemade EV -- 56 watt-hr/mile:
http://www.canada.com/edmontonjournal/...
and,
http://www.evalbum.com/1810

A very nice and efficient little three wheel,
one passenger, electric vehicle with some weather protection.

Offered as a kit for about $4000. 
Range around 30 miles. 
Top speed around 50 mph. 
Powered by 4 12 volt lead-acid batteries.  Empty weight 385 lbs.
Small luggage compartment at front.

Uses about 170 watt-hours per mile -- nearly 10 times the efficiency of a typical gasoline car.   Could be charged via a solar PV array at home.
Lots of detail on the website.  Parts available individually.

Meyers No-More-Gas

http://www.myersmotors.com/index.html

 

These three wheel electric vehicles are kind of a cross between a motorcycle and car.
One person, 75mph top speed, 30 mile range, heater, power windows, licensed as a motorcycle, safety features, ...

2 cents per mile fuel cost.

Vectrix Electric Scooter

http://www.vectrix.com

 

A electric scooter to be on sale in early 2007.  Top speed 62 mph, 0-50 in 6.8 sec, up to 68 mile range.  Regenerative braking.  It looks like a well thought out design that is new from the bottom up.
The website has quite a bit of information, and also includes some interesting planned projects, as in a hybrid version.  About $8000.
SunETrike Solar Powered Trike


www.solartrike.com/electricrecumbenttrike.html


 

A solar and pedal powered trike kit.
170 watt solar panel/roof.

Can actually run directly off solar panel at 6 to 8mph without pedaling.  12 to 14 mph with battery.

They sell plans and part kits for several different models.

(Thanks to Jerry for suggesting this)

Solar Electric Bicycle Project

http://www.gotwind.org

 

 

An electrically assisted bike with onboard 5 watt PV panel for solar charging.

 

My Electric Bicycle Project
Eric Peltzer

http://www.peltzer.net/ebike/

 

 

Very nice DIY electric bike conversion.  Good detail on the conversion, and good information on all the design decisions.

This bike has more hill climbing and acceleration ability than most conversions.


(found on Alex's Energy Planet)

Kevins Electric Bike with Solar Mud Guards

 

 

Kevin built an electric.  Maximum speed is about 25mph, and the range is about 12 miles -- more if you pedal some.
And, the PV panels double as mud guards.  More ...
Drive and EV and Never Buy Gas Again

Mother Earth News
http://www.motherearthnews.com

An overview article on small electric vehicles from the Mother Earth News, April/May 06
SUNN - Solar Powered Car Kit


http://www.sunnev.com/proto.htm

Kit Info:
http://www.sunnev.com/

 

A two person, 25 mph, 12 mile range Neighborhood Electric Vehicle.

Solar panel on the hood for charging the battery.

Plans and a parts kit are to be available in the spring of 07.
 

"Moonbeam" -- a DIY 100+mpg car

Moonbeam car

 

Homemade car made from motorcycles and a lot of time and thought.

Quite a bit of information on building it.

Motorhome Bike

http://bikeportland.org

 

From Bike Portland and Treehugger

Brian's amazing homemade motorhome bike.

"Amazingly, the guy claims to have ridden this contraption all over the U.S. and down to Mexico"

Bike Electrified Bicycle Kits

http://www.werelectrified.com/

 

 

The link listed is a seller of Bike Electrified electric bicycle kits.   These kits allow you to convert your bike to run on electricity.
Electric Bicycle Experiments

http://electric-bicycle-experiments.com/

 

A large collection of experimental electric bikes and trikes.  Some with fairly detailed descriptions.

Useful information for electric bike designers.

Latest in Electric/Solar/Hybrid Bikes and Scooters

pleiades-enterprises

 

A good page on what's new in electric, solar, hybrid and fuel cell bikes and scooters.
Ben Nelson's Electric Motorcycle

http://web.mac.com/benhdvideoguy/iWeb/cycle/Welcome.html

More here:
http://www.evalbum.com/1133

More Motorcycle Conversions from EValbum:
http://www.evalbum.com/type/MTCY
 

A pretty detailed description of converting a Kawasaki KZ440 to and electric motorcycle.

This looks like a manageable conversion that does not require "super mechanic" skills.
Range 15 miles, speed 38 mph.
 
Dog Powered Scooter

http://www.dogpoweredscooter.com/

 

Yes, I can just see my dog doing this -- not.
Electric Cars
 
Mitsubishi i MiEV

 

http://www.autobloggreen.com/ ...

 

Mitsubishi's electric car version of the i MiEV.
4 passenger, 80 mph top speed, and 80 mile range. 

"Ride comfort is surprisingly good"

330 volt Li-Ion battery system charges in 7 hours, but a half hour quick charge is being pursued.

To be sold in Japan in 2009 along with the existing gas powered version.

The Obivo 828E

www.zapworld.com/ZAPWorld.aspx?id=386

 

Small Brazilian electric car made specifally for the US market.ay be imported to US in 2006. 
Up to 3 passenger (one seat).  Length 9 ft, weight 1328 lb.  Top speed 120 mph.  Range 200 miles.
Price around $49K.
The Buddy

Small electric car from Norway

http://www.elbilnorge.no ...

 

A small electric car that is currently available and (I'm told) popular in Norway and a number of other countries.

3 people, crumple zones, regenerative braking, and trunk capacity of "8 bags of groceries".   Also accepts "varying battery technologies".
More models coming.  Top speed 90 kph.
An email response to a question about US availability said  "not likely" because of the way the Buddy would be classified in the US.  (thanks to Der for suggesting this)

EV Resources

 

A list of EV and EV conversion resources, clubs, suppliers, ...
Solar Electricity at Home...,
Kevin Johnson

How to get articles from Home Power ...

Home Power magazine article, issue 117.
This is quite an amazing story.  Kevin details how his family has 1) cut their transportation energy use to about 5 KWH per day by using an electric vehicle conversion, and 2) their home electricity use to about 5 KWH per day through conservation. 
All of this energy is supplied by all of this energy is supplied by a 2.9 KW grid tied PV system. 
Why We Need Electric Cars,
Steve Heckeroth,
Mother Earth News

http://www.motherearthnews.com

 

Mother Earth News, Oct/Nov 2006, issue 218.
Good article on electric cars -- makes a good case for electric vehicles and plug in hybrids.  Shows that even with electric cars and plug in hybrids charged from the largely fossil fuel powered electric grid that a significant reduction in green house gases results.
Tesla

http://www.teslamotors.com

AutoBlogGreen has 200+ entries on Tesla:
www.autobloggreen.com/category/tesla-motors/

 

The amazing 2 seater electric sports car that does 0 to 60 mph in 3.9 seconds, and has a range of 220 miles.
A bit out of my price range, but nice to see what can be done.
 EV Conversions
Converting a gas engine car to an EV is entirely feasible simpler than many would think.   There are kits available that make the job even more straightforward.
How Stuff Works -- Electric Cars

http://auto.howstuffworks.com/electric-car.htm

 

A good getting started article on electric cars and electric car conversions.

Goes through an actual conversion as an example.

The Electric Vehicle Association of Greater Washington DC

http://www.evadc.org/index.html

Build and EV:
http://www.evadc.org/build_an_ev.html

 

Good information on converting a gas powered car to an EV.  Includes some material on selecting the right kind of 'donor" car, and on doing the actual conversion.
Its not as detailed as some of the materials below, but its a good overview of the whole process.

The site also has some current news on EV developments.

Jerry's Electric Car Conversion

http://jerryrig.com/convert/

and,
http://www.evconvert.com/

EV Range Calculator:
http://www.evconvert.com/tools/evcalc/

 

Very well done personal site on converting a gas powered Mazda car to run on electricity. 
The description is very detailed and covers all the design and build issues encountered in detail.
If you want a feel for what's involved in a conversion, this is the one.
Build Your Own Electric Vehicle, Bob Brant, TAB Books, 1994

 

Quite a good book on converting an existing car or truck to  electric operation. 
My reaction after reading this was that it looks a lot more straightforward and practical than I thought it would be.  Part of this is due to the inherent simplicity of electric cars compared to gas engine cars. 
The book provides quite a bit of design information, as well as a detailed how-to on the actual conversion.
Born to be Wired,
Kelly Davidson,
Home Power Magazine issue 122


How to get articles from Home Power ...

A nice detailed description of the conversion of a 2001 GMC pickup to full electric operation.

Covers the tradeoffs on range, battery capacity, vehicle choice, and provides a bit of detail on the actual conversion process.

 

Solar Van UK

http://www.solarvan.co.uk/index.htm

 

An interesting and advanced EV conversion of a van. 
The conversion uses an AC motor and is power by Lithium batteries.

Picture at right shows battery installation under a raised floor.
A fair bit of detail on the design and construction (if you look for it).

EV Album

http://www.evalbum.com/

 

 

Descriptions of 1402 EV conversions ranging from skateboards, through bikes, to cars and trucks of all types -- even a few boats.

A page of technical data on each conversion, and in some cases, pointers to websites that give more detail.
Drive Electric

http://www.driveelectric.org/cars/index.html

 

Information on electric car conversions.
Solar Car Anatomy,
Nelson Kruschandl

www.speedace.info/solar_car_anatomy.htm

 

 

Some fairly detailed material on designing a car that is powered solely from solar energy by onboard PV cells.

There is quite a bit more information on the site on electric cars and solar cars.

Gas Powered Scooters
Scooters
 

www.Vespa.com
http://powersports.honda.com/scooters/
(many more brands out there)

Articles on popularity of scooters:
AP Article

Survey

At 50 to 100 mpg scooter sales are picking up a lot.  Looks like fun.

 

Vespa "S" ...

Vetter Streamlined Motorcycles

http://www.craigvetter.com/

The Last Vetter Fairing ...

 

A really interesting website by Craig Vetter on the development of efficient motorcycles through streamlining and on human powered vehicles.
His current project is a practical motorcycle that gets 120 mpg under real highway conditions and is comfortable to ride.

I really like the cardboard prototype.
Green Cars
Fuel Economy dot Gov

http://www.fueleconomy.gov/

 

Pretty informative site.  Fuel economy data on all models.  Some info on the various green and fuel efficient technologies.
Hybrid Cars dot Com

Selecting an efficient car:
www.HybridCars.com
 

Excellent Gas Mileage Impact Calculator:
http://hybridcars.com/calculator/index.php

 

An excellent calculator to compare conventional cars to hybrids.  Give gasoline savings, and green house gas emissions reduction.

Sample: Ford Explorer to Toyota Prius

This site covers all cars, not just hybrids.

Note: HybridCars.com recently changed the organization of their website, and it has become an easy to use tool to find the best cars within the class of car you are shopping for.

Latest EPA Fuel Economy Guide

http://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/feg2000.htm

 

 

EPA fuel economy for all models.  A good way to compare cars on fuel use. 

Mid-size cars show a  range of 12 to 55 mpg!
Top 100 Green Cars

Top 100

"Green Center" home page

 

 

A quick way to browse the 100 most green cars, as rated by Environmental Defense.  The green rating depends mostly on fuel economy, but takes a number of other factors into account.

AutoBlog Green

http://www.autobloggreen.com/

 

The Auto Blog Green has become my favorite source for what's going on in the world of more fuel efficient and green cars.
Covers the whole range of developments, and is very timely with a high volume of new material.
Does It Pay to Drive a Hybrid?
Andy Kerr

Home Power Magazine article

How to get articles from Home Power ...

To download the spreadsheet:
HP Promised Files - Hybrid Spreadsheet
(this is not available right now as the reorgainize their site)

This is a very good Home Power article by Andy Kerr that goes over the factors that determine what the economic payoff for YOU will be in buying a hybrid car. 
You can download the spreadsheet that goes with the article to determine the payoff for buying a hybrid for your particular case.  
Most of the analyses out there on hybrid payoffs make a whole set of assumptions that are likely not right for you.
PV and EV -- My Solar-Electric House and Car
Mark Jensen
Home Power Magazine Article, Issue 113

How to get articles from Home Power ...

Good Home Power article.  Mark describes the large PV system that runs his house, as well as keeping his Toyota RAV 4 EV (Electrical Vehicle) charged.
These EV's are no longer offered by Toyota, and after reading the article, one wonders why?
Green Car Congress

 

http://www.greencarcongress.com/topics.html

 

The latest news on fuel cells, hybrids, engines, BioDiesel, fuel efficient cars, ...

Well organized and up to date.

Hybrid Cars dot com

http://www.hybridcars.com/index.html

 

Good website for information on hybrids.  Benefits, tax incentives, reviews, gas mileage calculator. 
10,000 Miles in the Jelly Bean car

Gary

(Updated 7/2007 -- 40,000 miles and 100F)
(Updated 5/31, 2008 -- 55,000 miles)

A quick report on life with a Prius

 

Other Prius Websites & Info:
Forum: http://priusonline.com/
Zillions of Prius Links:
http://techno-fandom.org

Fiat 500 -- efficient, clean, safe, cheap, and cute
Green Car Congress on the 500 ...

AutoblogGreen on the 500 ...

Fun story on another Fiat...

Potential Diesel  Model...

Fiat 500 gets 50 mpg, 5 star rating on Europe's crash test.

Cost 10,000 Euros.

Voted "European Car of the year 2008".

Available in the US? I suppose not.

Saturn Vue Green Line will offer 2-mode and plug-in hybrid technology

http://www.autobloggreen.com

 

GM has committed to introducing several new hybrid cars over the next couple years, including the first production plug-in hybrid.  The plug-in will have an about 10 mile all electric range.
Finally some signs of life from Detroit.
PV Enhanced Prius

Lapp Renewables Ltd.

www.greencarcongress.com

www.lapprenewables.com/hybrid%20project.html
(this link may have gone dead)

The conventional wisdom is that cars use energy at such a high rate that tacking a few PV panels on top would not be of much use.
Lapp has found that if you start with an efficient car, that you can indeed make a worthwhile improvement.  The (admittedly non-optimum) prototype achieves a 10% improvement in mileage, and the potential for an about 33% improvement is discussed.
Solar Prius
Solar Electric Vehicles

www.solarelectricalvehicles.com/products.shtml

White Paper

A kit offered by SEV that includes additional battery capacity and a solar array that is custom fitted for a Prius roof.  It allows all electric operation for up to 20 miles, and is claimed to improve fuel economy by 17 to 29%.
CalCars.org -- Plug in Hybrids

http://www.calcars.org/

A video from Science Channel on Plug In Prius:
http://www.youtube.com
(for high bandwidth connection)

 

A group working on developing the plug in hybrid -- a hybrid that plugs into the grid (or PV) at night to extend its range on batteries. 
The video gives a good overall description of the concept. 

A question one might ask is do plug in hybrids result in lower GHG emissions when you include the GHGs from the grid electricity used to charge them?
Here is a report: http://www.epri-reports.org/
To me, it looks like the answer is that there is no real emissions saving until we get a cleaner electric grid.  Of course, you can always charge from your own solar electric rig.

The Obivo "Trybrid"

GizMag Article

 

Small Brazilian car that may be imported to US in 2006.  Runs on gasoline or alcohol with electric hybrid drive.
High performance and  prices starting at $14K are claimed.
ZENN (Zero Emissions - No Noise Car)

www.feelgoodcars.com/features/features_index.html

 

More pictures of the Zenn

Zero emission, low speed electric car.

Top speed 25mph, range 40 miles.  Driven by 72 VDC, 5hp electric motor.

More pictures of the Zenn taken at the Livingston, MT Sustainability Fair

The "It" electric car

 

http://www.itiselectric.com/

A low speed electric car with a range of about 30 miles.   Operates for about $7 per month.
The Bruce Weiner MicroCar Museum

http://www.microcarmuseum.com/index.html


 

Fascinating collection of Micro Cars. These very small and efficient cars were developed in Europe in the rebuilding times after world war II.  

Many on display in Madson, GA
1989 Geo Metro

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geo_Metro

http://www.fueleconomy.gov

http://www.carsurvey.org/review_24325.html

http://everything2.com

 

I've seen several comments in discussion forums in which people recalled getting 50mpg in Geo Metros nearly 20 years ago, and wondering why we seem to be having such a hard time doing as well today. 

I tried looking up info on the Metro -- these are the best of the links I found.  Its kind of a mixed story.    I'd be interested in hearing from Metro owners.
From Jonathan:
"I owned a Geo Metro with the 1.0L 3 cylinder engine, and 5 speed manual transmission.  I think it was a 92 model.  It didn’t have much pep and couldn’t go over 80 mph floored.  It did get 48-49 mpg consistently."  

From Jerimiah:
"I drive a 1993 Metro that I modified a bit. I just broke my previous records for fuel economy with it; my last tank of fuel was 648 miles on 9.75 gallons - 66.5 mpg. That was 55 mph interstate driving
." 
Full details on Jerimiah's Metro and its mods...
Efficient Driving
GasSavers -- Helping you Save at the Pump

www.GasSavers.org

 

The "Top Ten Vehicles" section is quite interesting.

An active forum on saving gas:

"GasSavers is a community of fuel economy enthusiasts. Our typical member does not own a hybrid. Our typical member is like you: With a normal vehicle and a desire to increase the fuel economy of that vehicle."

(
Thanks to Ben at www.crxmpg.com for suggesting this.)

Hypermiling

CBS hypermiling story
http://www.cbsnews.com/ ...

Hypermiling website:
http://www.cleanmpg.com/

Hypermiling is a set of driving techniques that can be used on any car to dramatically increase gas mileage.

The CBS video covers an "ordinary" driver and a hypermiling driver using identical cars on a trip from Chicago to New York.

Concept Cars and Prototypes
Toyota 1/x Concept Car

Edmunds ...

WorldCarFans...

 

 

This is a concept car showing what Toyota thinks it can achieve when a hybrid power plant is combined a very light weight design in the future.
It uses carbon composite construction and weighs only 926 lbs!    The gas engine is only 500 cc.  Same interior space as a Prius.  Estimated EPA mileage is just over 90 mpg. 
Batteries can also be charged from grid.
 
GM Volt Electric Car

http://www.chevrolet.com/electriccar/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chevrolet_Volt

http://www.evworld.com

A site dedicated to ongoing news on the Chevy Volt:  http://www.gm-volt.com/

GM is (they say) putting a lot of serious effort into the Chevy Volt concept car.
It is an electric car with an all electric drive train, but has an onboard IC engine to charge the batteries on longer trips. 
It is said to have a range of about 40 miles before the gas engine is needed.   The charge for the first 40 miles comes from the grid.
GM says they have set an internal target date for production of 2010 -- I guess we will have to wait and see if they are really serious this time.
Honda Clarity Fuel Cell Car -- drive report

http://www.autobloggreen.com/ ...

This is quite a detailed report on the Honda Hydrogen fuel cell car and a drive in it from AutoblogGreen.

Honda Clarity Website:
http://automobiles.honda.com/fcx-clarity/
 


NEW Home Energy Station -- make Hydrogen at your home for the FCX...
 

This is Honda's very serious go at a fuel cell car.  It is designed from the ground up as a fuel cell car.  Plans call for introducing the car in limited numbers as lease vehicles in southern California in 2008.

The specs make it sound like a practical, usable, high efficiency car -- the biggest problem being the availability of Hydrogen (and cost?).

The "Home Energy Station" is interesting -- A home station that makes Hydrogen from NG, and uses waste heat for space heating.  Its puzzling that this only achieves a "30% reduction in CO2 compared to home with IC engine car and electric heat"?  Seems like it should do much better?
Think Electric Car

http://en.think.no/think

To be offered in the US:  <-- NEW
www.hybridcars.com/...

Larger, faster 2011 model:
The Energy Blog ...

The sleek version:
www.autobloggreen.com/ ...

A Norwegian electric city car -- soon to be in production.
2 or 4 person capacity, air bags, heating and AC, power steering, regenerative braking, ABS, ...
Range 120 miles, top speed 62 mph, weight 3000 lbs, Li-ion or sodium batteries.
The company also has some unique ideas on how the car and batteries are to be sold and marketed.
The 2nd two links are for follow on models.
Honda Developing New Hybrid

www.msnbc.msn.com/id/20438234/site/newsweek/page/0/

 

Interesting to see this after Honda dropped its Accord hybrid.

The article also talks about Toyota coming out with a whole  line of Prius based cars.
Venture Tilting Two Seater

"Flying the Road"
www.flytheroad.com/index.html

 

http://www.autobloggreen.com/...

 

This three wheeler leans into turns depending on the lateral g force.  The back two wheels and power plant stay flat on the ground as the rest of the body tilts.  It is to be offered as both a pure EV as well as a series hybrid.  100 mph top speed.  EV has 120 mile range.  Target price is around $20K.

I have to say that the video makes it appear to be a very fun car to drive.  Kind of a cross between a motorcycle and a car with an outstanding view of the scenery.  
Diesel-Hybrid Pickup Coming to US,
From Treehugger

http://www.treehugger.com/ ...

 

A diesel-hybrid pickup to be introduced in 2010 with the potential for 40 mpg.
From Mahindra.

Not sure I quite believe this, but their tractors have a good reputation.

Prius PlugIn Hybrid

www.hybridcars.com...

 

 

Toyota announces a plug-in hybrid version of the Prius.

Specs are a bit underwhelming, but maybe things will improve with the Lithium batteries.

A question one might ask is do plug in hybrids result in lower GHG emissions when you include the GHGs from the grid electricity used to charge them?
Here is a report: http://www.epri-reports.org/
To me, it looks like the answer is that there is no real emissions saving until we get a cleaner electric grid.  Of course, you can always charge from your own solar electric rig.

MDI Air Car

http://www.popularmechanics.com

 

http://www.theaircar.com/

http://www.theaircar.com/howitworks.html

 

 

MDI seems to be serious about introducing several versions of a car that runs on energy stored in compressed air tanks.  The compressed air drives a piston engine.  They are also planning a version with an onboard fossil fuel compressor to make compressed air as you go -- a sort of air hybrid.

I could not find any information on CO2 emissions for  the energy that is used to compress the air.  It would be nice to know how these air cars compare to pure electrics, hybrids, and plug in hybrids on total CO2 emissions, with the electricity sourced from coal or NG power plants -- please let me know if you see this -- Gary.
(thanks to Jerry for suggesting this item)
Wind-to-Wheel Energy Assessment,
Patrick Mazza and Roel Hammerschlag,
Institute for Lifecycle Environmental Assessment

http://www.efcf.com/reports/E18.pdf

 

This very interesting paper compares the range achieved by identical cars using 4 energy storage technologies -- battery, compressed air, and Hydrogen powered fuel cells.

Batteries appear to be the clear winner from this point of view.

(Thanks to Ron for finding this)
MIT's pint-sized car engine promises high efficiency, lost cost  -- Ethanol empowers little engine that could

Massachusetts Institute of Technology news office
http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2006/engine.html

 

 

Article from MIT Tech Talk on a gasoline engine that uses direct injection of Ethanol to suppress knocking under high power demand situations.

Claim is that this allows a much smaller, higher compression, turbo charged gas engine to power a car, with injection of Ethanol only when high power is demanded.  The claim is that this could reduce fuel consumption by 30%, which is comparable to hybrids, but at a much lower cost.

Scuderi Engine -- Potential air hybrid

http://www.scuderigroup.com

 

A new engine design that separates compression and combustion into separate paired cylinders.  This may offer some advantages in efficiency (claim is that a 30mpg car becomes 40 mpg car), and the possibility of a compressed air hybrid at a lower cost.
PML's In-Wheel Motor, Plug-in Hybrid Mini

http://www.greencarcongress.com

 

 

A new hybrid technology testbed.
Motors in wheels, 21 KWH lithium-polymer battery pack, 200 mile range as electric, 930 mile range as gas hybrid.  Zero to 62 mph in 5 seconds.  250cc engine.  Traction control and anti-skid built into each wheel.  80 mpg?
The UltraCommuter -- 500 mpg 2 seat car,
University of Queensland

Description form Univ of Queensland

 

Description from Green Car Congress

 

A 2 seat "UltraCommuter" car from the University of Queensland.  It is a hybrid, and has 2.5 m^2 of PV panels as well as a compressed natural gas tank that runs a 10KW generator to provide power when the batteries have been exhausted.  Claimed fuel economy is 0.44 liters per 100km (535 mpg).
“This is a real car designed for today’s Australian conditions using current technology,” he said. “Our goal is to have a fully operational prototype on the road later this year.”
Taiwan Solar Car Prototype

www.taipeitimes.com/ ...

 

Solar powered, Lithium Polymer battery prototype.  Weighs 250 kg, top speed 7 km/hr, and 3 hr run time.
"The battery can be charged with just a few hours sunlight and can power the car for three hours."

Expected to be available "this year".
 
UBC 3100 mpg car

www.physorg.com/news70040977.html

 

Winner (by a wide margin) of the SAE Super Mileage Contest  3145 miles per US gallon!

 “We achieved this level of efficiency by optimizing many aspects of the vehicle design, including: aerodynamics, light-weight construction, a small displacement engine (54 cc), and conservative driving habits,” says Team Captain Kevin Li.

Peugeot -- 69 mpg Diesel Hybrid

www.greencarcongress.com

NEW update on the Peugeot diesel hybrid:
http://autoweb.com.au ...

Fairly detailed article on prototype Peugeot hybrid diesel.
Sounds great, but unfortunately not available until 2010.
Loremo debuts 150 mpg concept car in Geneva

From AutoBlog

Loremo Concept Car

 

Up to 150 mpg on this low drag, light weight diesel.  Price projected to be $13K to $18K.  Production not scheduled to start until 2009.
Daimler Chrysler "Boxfish" 70 mpg

wwwsg.daimlerchrysler.com

 

 

 

A 70 mpg, Diesel hybrid, 4 seater.
Drag coefficient of 0.19.
Accelerated Composites Aptera 230 mpg car

 

http://apteramotors.com/

 

Accelerated Composites Aptera is a 230 mpg, diesel hybrid, two seater.  Weighs 850 lb.  Zero to 60 in 10 secs.  Drag coefficient of 0.05.
Bob -- A Motor Home for the Greenhouse Gas Age?

www.andrewmaynard.com.au/BOB01.html

 

 

 

I've often wondered if there is a way for people who like RVing to be able to keep doing it in a way that is responsible given our greenhouse gas and climate change problems.  Well, here is one concept that might work.  Not much detail, but an interesting idea.
Commercial Vehicles
Mercedes-Benz Actros -- an efficient big rig

http://www.autobloggreen.com/...

 

This 40 ton Mercedes Benz Actros  big rig managed 12.4 mpg with a 25 ton payload.  This was on a test track at 50 mph, but still pretty amazing considering that a lot of these big rigs only get 5 mpg.

Lots of interesting material on factors effecting big rig mpg and CO2 emissions in the article.

London Plans for Hybrid Bus Expansion

www.treehugger.com

 

London plans to convert its entire fleet of 8000 buses to diesel hybrids by 2012.  The diesel hybrids generate 40% less CO2.
Hybrid School Buses

http://www.hybridschoolbus.org/

Hybrid Drivetrain Maker:
http://www.enovasystems.com/

 

"11 states are first in the nation to receive hybrid school buses"

"40 percent increase in fuel efficiency"

So, maybe city buses, garbage trucks, ... are coming?

Car Fuel Conversions
EERE Alternative Fuels & Advanced Vehicles Data Center

http://www.eere.energy.gov/afdc/

 

New EERE website to bring together resources on alternative fuel vehicles.

Includes basic info on alternative fuels, index to publications, data on alternative fuel use, incentives programs by state, and lots of alternative fuel resources (although not a lot of the best ones from the point of view of Do-It-yourselfers).
VW Jetta Conversion to Vegetable Oil

Jeff

 

Jeff describes his conversion of a 1998 VW Jetta Diesel to burn straight vegetable oil.  VERY detailed.

 

Thank you Jeff!

Mike Pelly's biodiesel method

http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_mike.html

http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel_library.html

Part of the Journey to Forever site:

http://journeytoforever.org

Nice clear explanation of how to make biodiesel, and some of the chemistry behind it.

The Journey To Forever site is very interesting, with a good collection of information on biofuels and many other fine projects.

Do-It-Yourself Automotive LPG Conversion

http://www.wps.com/LPG/LPG-book-final.html

So, is an LPG conversion a way to 1) save some money, 2) reduce greenhouse gas emissions -- all without spending a lot of money on a new car, an expensive conversion, or the hassle of making Biodiesel?  Any thoughts on this? -- Gary

Pretty detailed account of conversion of a Rambler to burn LPG.  Includes some of the mechanics of the conversion, plus driving experiences, finding fuel, ...

LPG is a lower carbon fuel than gasoline, and will reduce greenhouse gas emissions -- and maybe save you some money.  It is also appears to be a relatively simple conversion, and fuel is widely available.

See Also -- the BioFuels page  
Aircraft
Aeros airships

http://www.aerosml.com/Aeroscraft Info.asp

 

Something like a tenth of our oil goes into aircraft transporting people and cargo.  Maybe its time to think about aircraft that use less fuel?
Solar Boats

The Biggest Solar Electric Boat this Side of the Mississippi

Steve Cooper

How to get articles from Home Power ...

Home Power Magazine article, issue 57

Interesting article on using solar PV to provide auxiliary power on a 30 ft sailboat.

Solar Trailers and Mobile Workshops

Portable Solar-Powered Workshop

Jon Haeme

www.HomePower.com

Search Home Power article archives for issue 47, and order it.

Home Power Magazine article, issue 47

Article on a complete, PV powered, workshop in a trailer.

90 Solar Powered Portable Workshop

.www.HomePower.com

Search Home Power article archives for issue 90, and order it.

 

Home Power Magazine article, issue 90

Interesting article on a portable, PV powered workshop in a trailer.  Uses one 120W PV panel, 2 Trojan T105 batteries, and an 1800 watt inverter to power a wide variety of tools.  System cost $2600.

Solar Tractors and Mowers
ElecTrack electric tractors ....
Mark Frerking

 

 

 

This article by Mark describes in detail a line of electric tractors and riding mowers offered by GE and others a few years ago.
These are fully electric, use no gas, and make no pollution.  They could even be charged with a PV array.  The fact that many made back in the 70's are still working is testament to their rugged design and construction.
It boggles the mind that nothing equivalent is offered today. 
Thanks very much to Mark for providing this.
Converting an Allis-Chalmers "G" Cultivating Tractor into an Electric Vehicle,
A USDA Funded SARE Grant

www.flyingbeet.com/electricg

 

 

Detailed instructions on converting an Allis-Chalmers "G" tractor for solar electric operation.
Covers both the tractor conversion and a charging station.  The author uses two of these converted tractors day in and day out.

David Goes Electric

Bruce Johnson

www.HomePower.com

Search Home Power article archives for issue 53, and order it.

Home Power Magazine article, issue 53

Interesting article on converting a walk behind gas tractor to electric power on a budget.

 

Lee's Solar Lawn Mower

Details ...

Update - Lee adds a solar charger...

Lee describes in detail how he converted a Troy-Bilt gas mower deck into a clean, battery power, electric lawn mower that will soon be solar charged.

 
Converting A Gas Lawn Mower To Solar Charged Electric Power, Guy Marsden

http://www.arttec.net/Solar_Mower/index.html

Potential cheap source for electric lawnmower motors ...

Guy shows in detail how he converted a noisy polluting gas mower into a solar charged electric mower.

Guy's website has a wealth of information on solar space and water heating, conservation, ...
All projects described in excellent how-to detail.

Solar Charged Lawnmower
From Appropedia.org

www.appropedia.org/Solar_Charged_Lawnmower

Potential cheap source for electric lawnmower motors ...

 

Appropedia article describes converting a gas mower to a solar electric motor.

Provides some useful information for any project that needs a fair amount of power (1 hp) run from solar electricity.

Solaris Solar Mower

http://www.solarispowerproducts.com/index.htm

 

 

This is a commercially available electric mower with an option for solar charging.  The mower is a 19 or 21 inch, self propelled, and is said to be capable of 7000+ sqft on one charge.
Available mostly in Canada, but may be more available in the US soon -- about $500 to $600
Dan has purchased one, and will be reporting on how it works out (good so far) on Dan's site ...    


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